Pneumatic tire.



J. r. mmm.A PNEUMATIU TIRE.

`AIPLIUATION FILED IAB. 28, 1908.

924,572. Patented June s, 1909.y

a sunnita-snm' 1.

J. F. PALMER.

' PNEUMATIG TIRE.

APPLIQATION FILED 11.13.23, 190s.

s sums-anni' 2.

J. P. PALMER.

PNEUMATIO TIRE.

nrmonxon rum) un. 2s, 190s.

Patented June 8, 1909. 3 BHBBTS-SHEBT 8.

Inde/nim@ .Pair/w71 JOHN r. rLMR, oF vcinciico, ILLINoIs.

Pimm'ric Tins.

No. Q24,672.

Specification of Letters Patent.

patented .rune-8,' ieee.

Application' nieajirarcii ze, isos. l serial No. eaa'zsi.

I To all whomv it concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN' F. PALMER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chif cago, in' thecounty of Cook and 4State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tires, of-which the following is a specification; l y

My invention relates in general to pneu-A matic tires, and more particularly to improved tire casings for inclosing aninner tube ofthe type of tires known as double tube tires.

The object of my invention is to provide a tire casing which' will possess maximum powentransmitting eiiieiencyrand' which will at thesame time be strong and durable. V

It has been Ifound in practice thattire casings irst break and wearv out `at isolated points along parallel longitudinal lines at each side of the tread, due to inequality in tension of'fthe individual members comprising the web or fabric, such breaking resulting from the supported Weight 'flattening thev tread and thereby forming sharp bends in the -casing'at each sidev of the tread, and also owingrto the lateral 'displacement of the tire when traveling in acurved path,.as`, for instance, when the 'vehicle turns a corner.-

Such sharp bends in the casing tend to crushand wear the strain-resisting fabric, causing it to break along'longitudinal lines at each side of the tread, and thereby destroying the c 'i The dife of a tire ,casing is consequently limited to the capacity ofthe strainresisting fabricv therein to vwitlistai'id the wear and tear imposed thereon at each side In my improved. tire Icasing the foregoing objections are obviated by forming the strainresisting fabricon opposite sides of the casing 1n separate members. Tliesc members overlap the tread/and are connected so as to permit them to move slightly :laterally witht respect to each other, such connection beingl perfectly effected `by an interposed vlayer of rubber, although the ordinary frictoning-o the fabric will accomplish this object toseni'e degree.V both 4sides bythe supported load, or 'at one side by reason of lateral displacement in" turning a. corner, such iattening 'of tha-side walls of thev casing produces-a lateral" movement of the overla p'ed portions of the two side members. an, thereby prevents the substantia When the tire is ilattened, either atbreaking ofthe fabricalong th'e longitudinallines at each side of the tread.

It is axiomatic that themore rigid the connections in a tire from the treadto the rim, the more eiiciently will the power be trans-` mitted. t isal'so axiomaticv that the" softer.

the tread f a tire the greater will be itscushioning'ipxi'ality and the more it will contribute to' e easy ridin ofthe vehicle.- 'I ac` complish these desira le results by providing `the strain-resistingl 'side' members whic overlap the tread, thereby forming a rigid power-transmittingl .inedium, while at, the same time the tread is rendered relatively soft byreasonol.- the elastic connection between the overlapping edges of 'the two 4fabric sections. "L

' The referred specific construction in which IIiiave herein disclosed my invention may be` generally described as a tire casing comprising-la plurality of bands composed o y (parallel strands which connect separate trea ate ofthe connected treadl points, are tangential to a seriesof circles concentric with the inner edge ofthe casing. Each band extends across at its endst'iie tread of-the cas-l ing, but does not extend on the op osite side of the' casin i to the inner edge tliereof. A

fabric' in two separatepoints and which, intermediseries of suc bands are provided .on each'V of a wheel .to the trea by .reasonlof the.

bands lying in a direction tangent from ,each

rigid 'point adjacent the rim to corresponding;

points on the tread of the tire.

v My invention will'be more fullygdescribeid'., I l

hereinafter with 'reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichflFigure 1 shows atire {Frialy'in'side elevation and partly 'in section; ig. 2a cross `section'on an' enlargerd scale through myirn. roved casing and t ougli'A a' rim on which it is supported.; Fig.'4 3 elevational view showing. the bands on onerside lof.the'casing;

Fig. 4 a view of thel opposite side-:pf the casing showing'the ends ef'the'bands; Fig. 5 a jcross section showingsl modified' arrange.- `ment of the straineiesist' detail view of the mod cation shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 an enlarged' detailplano tahitie; Fig. 6 a

of the tire casing, which may be made of any suitable material, as, for instance, stockinet frictioned on one surface, or, in heu of stockinet, rubber or canvas may beemployed, or

the inner skin may be entirely omitted.

Reference letter B indicates a series of bands located on one side of the casing, each of such bands extending tan entially to the inner edge f the casing am overlying the tread at its ends. 4 The bands are arranged progressively, so as to form a strain-resistin web or fabric on one side of the casing an extend across the tread'. The strainresist ing lbands B are referably composed of a pluralit of para el threads, such threads emg p aced upon the mandrel upon which the tire casing is formed, so as to form bands connected at their ends to oints on the tread and intermediate of their ends located tangential to the .inner edge of the casing,

the`several threads composing each band be-y ing vtangent to circles concentric to the inner ed e of the casing.

eference letter C. indicates a series of bands located on the opposite side of the casing from the bands B. The bands C are Y arranged in a manner similar to the bands B,

and are preferably formed of the same material, viz., a plurality of parallel threads or strands. The bands C extend across the tread and terminate at theirends along the oposite side of the tread, as clearly shown in ig. 2.r

'lhe ends of the bands B, which overlap the tread, are preerabl separated into two layers, as shown by re erence characters b', b2 in Fig. 2, -a layer of rubber a being interposed betweensuch layers. The ends of the ands C which overlap the tread, are also referabiy arranged in two la ers c ande, etweenwhich is interposed a lyer of rubber a3. A layer of rubber a is also interposed between the ends of the bands in the layer which overlie the tread and the ends of the bands in thela erc', 'to rmit a slight lateral movement etweent eoverlap in ends ofthe bands B and C. The bands as a whole'constitute a longitudinal member of the strain resisting fabri'cxseparate from the longitudinal-member of the strain resisting fabric composed of the bands C as a whole, such separate longitudinal members of the strain resisting fabric-being slightl movable relatively to eachother in a latere. direction. The rub er layers between the overlapping ends of the bands also serve to Apermit the bands to yield slightly, Athereby equalizing strain-resist' any inequality of tension between the. bands,- and equally distrif uting the-work of powertransmission*th1'..ughout the web formed b the bands, so that all of the bands will be e fective without causing any rupture, which might result from distortion or unequal tension in the bands 'forming the tire..

`The bands may be arranged to form two or more individual longitudinal members, and when more than two of such members are provided, those extending from the opposite sides of the casing may be apphed alternately in forming the tire, or two or more members may be applied first on one side and then on the other side, or two layers forming one member may be interlaced with or embrace the layers of the opposing member. Reference characters D and l)z mdi- -cate longitudinally wound bands extending inner tubeV of a double pneumatic tire,

while reference character G designates a lrim uponwhich the tire is supported. It will ofcourse be understood that mv invention ma be embodied in other orms of `tire casmgs thanl that herein illustrated,

also that a tire casing embodying my invention may be supported upon any suitable y construction-of rim.

In Figs. 5 and 6 I have illustrated a modified arrangement of the strain-resisting fabric,'in which the fabric is made 'of paralle threads, the threads of one layer of fabriccrossing at an angle the threads of an`adjacent layer' o'r layers of fabric. In these figures reference characters H and Hz indicate wires extending lo tudinally of the casing within the inner e ges thereof and around which the members of fabric'extend.`

Reference characters h and h indicate the la ers of the members of the fabric which is folded around the wire H', while reference characters h3 and h* indicate the two la ers of the member -of the fabric exten ng around the wire H2.

By reference to Fig. 6 it will be seen that the parallel threads in ne layer of the fabric extend at an angle .to the threads o the adjacent layer of fabric. In `this modified arrangement of the side members of strain-resisting fabric the' interposed layers of rubber may be omitted and the layers of fabric laid directly upon each other, inasmuch as the rollin tendency of the individual threads of the abrio will permit sufficient relative yielding of thev members of fabric without the necessity of inter- -posing\'layer's of-yielding material, such as rubber. l

It will be observed that the interior cross section of the casing is normally ilat around the periphery, so that the lpressure of the air when the tire is iniiated radially expands the casing, such radial expansion being resisted b the unifying peripheral windings D and 2, which are thereby placed under tension and more eiiiciently unify the periphery of the casing. These peripheral windings not only serve to unify the parallel threads of 'which the strain-resisting fabric is composed, but also to strengthen t'he tire by resisting the outward expansion of the tread of the casing when inflated.

It will also be observed that in my'improved tire casing there would be a compensation for inequality of strain not only upon the separate longitudinal members of the strain-resisting fabric, but also a compensation for inequalities of tension in the threads or other material of which the separate members of the strain-resisting fabric are formed. This universal compensation for inequalities in tension so evenly distributes the'tension upon the |strain-resisting fabric that its durability is greatly increased owing to the elimination of the breaking of threads or strands subjected to greater tension than the other strands or threads or portions of the material of the strain-resisting fabric.

From the .foregoing description 4it will be observed that I have invented an im roved pneumatic tire, more particularly a tire casing, the strain-resisting fabric of which will A not be broken when sharply bent at each side of the tread, owing to the fabric being formed in se arate side members yieldingly connected w ere they overlap the tread, thereby dissipating the crushing and breakmg strains which would otherwise'rupture the fabric at each side of the tread.

'It Will further be observed that in its preferred form my improved tire ossesses maximum oWer-transmitting efliciency by reason of t e bands being in the form of cords connecting the tread points with an Iintermediate tangential point at the inner edge of the casing, thereby exerting a direct pull from each point on the rim to a oint on the tread, and also forming a relative y soft tread contributing easy riding qualities.

I claim-z 1. In a pneumatic tire, the combination nected longitudinal members at'each side of' 3. In a pneumatic tire, the combination I Awith a tread covering, of a strain-resistin fabric comprising' a separate longitudina member at each side extending to` and overlapping the tread, and a layer of rubber interposed -between and elastically unitin the overlspped tread portions of the mem ers.

4. n a pneumatictire, the combination with a tread covering, of a strain-resisting` fabric comprisinga plurality of separate elastically-connected longitudinal members, and a longitudinal unifying and strain-resisting winding around the tread.

5. A tire casing comprising strain-resisting bands, each connecting separate tread points and intermediate of. the connected tread points tangent to the inner edge of the casing, the bands on opposite sides ofthe casing being separate and overlapped at the tread.

6. In a tire casing, the combination with a tread covering, ofv a strain-resisting fabric com rising-bands, each connecting separate trea points and intermediate of thetconnected tread points lying -tangent to the inner edge of the casing, the bands on opposite sides bein `se arate andoverla ped at the tread, an a ongitudinal unifying winding extending around the tread.

7. In a pneumatic tire, the combination kwith a tread covering, `of a strain-resisting web of bands com osed of a plurality of substant'ially parallel) threads which connect separate tread points and intermediate of the connected tread points are tangent to a series of circles concentric to the inner edge ofthe casin the web of bands on the opposite sides o the casing being separate and ,overlapped on the tread.

8. In a pneumatic tire, the combination with a 'tread covering, of strain-resisting bands com osed of a 1plurality of substantially para el threadsw 'ch connect separate tread points and vintermediate of theconnected tread points are tangent to a series of circles concentric Ato the inner edge of the casing, the bands on opposite sides of the casing being separate, and means for yieldingly connecting the bands on one side of the casing with those on the other side of the casin 9. In a pneumatic tire, the combination with a tread covering, of. a strain-resisting fabric comprisin a plirality of separate elastically-connecte `longitudinal members mov-l able with relation to each other, the fabric being composed of parallel independent threads, the threads in adjacent members crossin each other at an angle.

' 10. n a tire casing, the combination with a tread covering, of a strain resisting fabric comprising separate longitudinal members,

and means for connecting 'said members to automatically compensate for inequalities of tension in the ofpposing members and in the material thereo 11. In a tire casing, the combination with a tread covering, of a strain-resisting fabric com osed of non-interwoven thread materia forming separate longitudinal overlapping members, and means for connecting sald members to automaticallyx compensate for 10 inequalities of tension in t e o posing members and in the threads thereo Y In testimony whereof, I have subscribed my name.

JOHN F. PALMER. Witnesses: r

GEO; L. WILKINSON, ANNIE C. COURTENAY. 

